深海奇物。。。。乒乓海绵和深海水母系列

机车女孩

不好意思
打错字
应该是海胆才对。。。

kinbusaw

原帖由 机车女孩 于 24-3-2008 03:45 PM 发表
不好意思
打错字
应该是海胆才对。。。

海胆不是有毒的吗？想成龙的戏里有的。。。

机车女孩

你去给他刺一刺就知道有没有毒了

~@Star@~

它应该是由很多 种类  ，有的有毒 ，有的没 。。

机车女孩

对了。。。
可是被他刺到都很痛了，不管有没有毒。。。

机车女孩

Deep Sea Buffet For Bone-devouring Worms

吃鲸鱼骨头的虫。。。
Laboratory photo of one of the newly discovered bone-eating worms, Osedax frankpressi, which has been removed from a whale bone. Normally only the red and white plumes and the pinkish trunk would be visible. The greenish roots and whitish ovary would be hidden inside the bone. (Image credit: (c) 2003 Greg Rouse / Courtesy of Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute)


ScienceDaily (Sep. 26, 2005) — An unusual relationship between bacteria and a newly discovered group of marine worms is the only known partnership (or symbiosis) which uses sunken marine mammals as its sole source of nutrition.

In the September issue of Environmental Microbiology, Dr Shana Goffredi and her colleagues reveal this unique partnership between bacteria and the Osedax (bone-devouring) group of marine worms.
Symbiosis, or the living together of different organisms, allows some species to live in otherwise hostile environments, so it can be a powerful mechanism of evolutionary change. This is especially true in the deep sea. Survival in some deep-sea environments requires capabilities that animals alone don't possess. So teaming up with a microbial partner is the secret of survival for many host animals living in such environments.
Dr Goffredi says: "Measures of significant population sizes, and the discovery of four additional host species in only three years, suggests that the Osedax worms and their bacterial 'partners' are likely to play substantial roles in the cycling of nutrients into the surrounding deep-sea community."
This can be put into context by considering that the Osedax worms and their symbiotic bacteria can turn-over a large amount of organic carbon (one whale carcass may weigh up to 50 tons), approximately 2000 years faster than the usual mechanism of carbon deposition to the deep seafloor.
The results of this study will aid understanding of the potential for adaptation between animals and microbes.

简单介绍：
bone-devouring worm跟海底细菌是‘霸帝‘。。。细菌把食物简化，海虫吸取已经简化的养分，而海虫提供住宿给细菌。。。互相利用

[ 本帖最后由 机车女孩 于 24-5-2008 09:00 AM 编辑 ]

机车女孩

Scientists Discover New Life In Antarctic Deep Sea

像月亮吗？
This carnivorous moonsnail lives in the Antarctic deep sea. It can detect food from a wide distance and will moved towards it. Polyps, covering its shell, use the moonsnail as transport to food sources. (Credit: Image courtesy of British Antarctic Survey)

ScienceDaily (May 17, 2007) — Scientists have found hundreds of new marine creatures in the vast, dark deep-sea surrounding Antarctica. Carnivorous sponges, free-swimming worms, crustaceans, and molluscs living in the Weddell Sea provide new insights into the evolution of ocean life.

Reporting this week in the journal Nature, scientists describe how creatures in the deeper parts of the Southern Ocean - the source for much of the deep water in the world ocean -- are likely to be related to animals living in both the adjacent shallower waters and in other parts of the deep ocean.
A key question for scientists is whether shallow water species colonised the deep ocean or vice versa. The research findings suggest the glacial cycle of advance and retreat of ice led to an intermingling of species that originated in shallow and deep water habitats.
Lead author Professor Angelika Brandt from the Zoological Institute and Zoological Museum, University Hamburg says,
"The Antarctic deep sea is potentially the cradle of life of the global marine species. Our research results challenge suggestions that the deep sea diversity in the Southern Ocean is poor. We now have a better understanding in the evolution of the marine species and how they can adapt to changes in climate and environments."
Dr Katrin Linse, marine biologist from British Antarctic Survey, says,
"What was once thought to be a featureless abyss is in fact a dynamic, variable and biologically rich environment. Finding this extraordinary treasure trove of marine life is our first step to understanding the complex relationships between the deep ocean and distribution of marine life."
Three research expeditions, as part of the ANDEEP project (Antarctic benthic deep-sea biodiversity), onboard the German research ship Polarstern took place between 2002 and 2005. An international team from 14 research organisations investigated the seafloor landscape, its continental slope rise and changing water depths to build a picture of this little known region of the ocean. They found over 700 new species.
Adapted from materials provided by British Antarctic Survey.

[ 本帖最后由 机车女孩 于 24-5-2008 09:01 AM 编辑 ]

kinbusaw

咦。。。怎么这两个样子酱恶心。。。。

旺旺旺旺

想问问，到底贝壳是怎样形成的？为什么有那么多种形状？为什么那些贝壳的geometri又那么美与准确？

机车女孩

Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vents

Black Smoker on the ocean floor. Photo courtesy

Inthe late 1970's, scientists on a routine study of the ocean floor inthe Pacific made a discovery that would rock the entire scientificcommunity. On the East Pacific Rise not far from the Galapagos Islands,nearly 8000 feet below the surface, was a strange alien landscapelittered with what looked like chimneys expelling clouds of blacksmoke. Surrounding these chimneys was a unique type of ecosystem thathad never been seen before. Until this day, science had always assumedthat all life on Earth obtained its energy from the Sun. The plantsconvert sunlight into energy through a process called photosynthesis.The plants, in turn, provide food for countless species of animals in acomplex web of life. But here, facing the deep-sea submersibles, was asight that challenged those assumptions. Here was proof for the firsttime that life could be sustained by the Earth itself.
Sciencehad discovered deep-sea hydrothermal vents. These vents occur ingeologically active regions of the ocean floor. Within these regions,seawater seeps down deep into the Earth's crust through cracks andfissures in the ocean floor. This water is then heated by magma belowthe surface. As the water is heated to a boil, it expands and risesback to the surface. On it's way back up through the cracks andfissures through which it fell, the hot water dissolves minerals andother chemicals from the rock. When it reaches the ocean floor, thewater is a dark, chemical soup. Some of the minerals precipitate out ofthe seawater and harden on the rim of the vent. Over time, the rim ofthe vent is built up into a tall, chimney-like structure. The darkcolor of the water spewing forth from these vents has earned them thename, "black smokers". The temperature of the water coming out of thesevents exceeds 360º. The real surprise was the discovery that a myriadof life forms actually live and thrive around these vents, totally cutoff from the world of sunlight.
Incredibledeep-sea creatures have been known for quite some time. But theseanimals all depended on the regions above for their sustenance. Theyfeed on small scraps of food and dead animals that fall from above.Here at the vents, though, something entirely different was takingplace. These organisms were getting their food directly from the ventsthemselves. This process is known as chemosynthesis. Bacteria in thewater actually feed on what would otherwise be a lethal soup of noxiouschemicals. Smaller animals feed on these bacteria, and these smalleranimals provide food for the larger animals. It is an entire ecosystemtotally separate from the world of light. A large number of strange andwondrous creatures have been found at these vent sites. Giant tubeworms eight feet tall dominate the landscape. Tiny bacteria livinginside make food for the worms. Small shrimps and crabs feed on thetube worms. Clams cover the ocean floor. These waters are so fertilethat shrimps have been known to literally number in the millions nearthese vents.


海底热水泉
温度可超360摄氏。。。可是还是有生物生活在那里。。。
其中一种就是giant tube worm。。。。
科学家发现，tube worm体内有上千万的细菌住在里面，如果这些细菌死掉，那tube worm 也没有命活了。。。

Giant Tube Worms surrounding a hydrothermal vent


Spider crab near a hydrothermal vent.
Giant spider crab,在新加坡水族馆可以看到。。。。




[ 本帖最后由 机车女孩 于 24-5-2008 09:03 AM 编辑 ]

~@Star@~

Deep Sea Buffet For Bone-devouring Worms （吃鲸鱼骨头的虫）和 Scientists Discover New Life In Antarctic Deep Sea 用 肉眼 可以观察得到吗。。。。

机车女孩

这就是造世主创意的一面。。。。

主要贝壳的成分是carbon。。。
他怎样制造我就不懂了。。。

机车女孩

应该可以。。。。。。。。

机车女孩

找到一个蛮不错的websites....
有空去看看。。。

http://www.seasky.org/sea.html

http://www.seasky.org/monsters/sea7a1.html

[ 本帖最后由 机车女孩 于 3-4-2008 02:43 PM 编辑 ]

机车女孩

New Species Of Coral Discovered Off Southern California

Christmas Tree Coral Antipathes dendrochristos. (Credit: Mark Amend)
好像圣诞树的珊瑚。。。
                                                                                ScienceDaily (Feb. 17, 2005)— Santa Barbara, Calif. -- A new species of black coral has beendiscovered off southern California, including around the ChannelIslands, by Milton Love, University of California, Santa Barbara marineresearcher, and Mary Yoklavich of NOAA Fisheries. The discovery cameduring dives by the researchers in "Delta," the submersible.

(http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/content.html)by taxonomist Dennis Opresko of Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Lovenamed the new species "Christmas Tree Coral" (dendochristos in Greek)since it grows to a height greater than two meters and resembles pink,white and red flocked Christmas trees.The complete scientific Greek name for the new coral is Antipathesdendrochristos. The word for black coral is "Anti" for against, and"pathos," for disease, a reference to the fact that black coral amuletswere once thought to provide protection against disease and evilspirits.
The Christmas tree coral was first noticed by the researchers duringdives for surveys of rockfishes on deep rocky banks about 40 miles offthe coast, west of Los Angeles.
Many of the deepwater reefs in southern California harbor remarkablyhealthy communities of corals, sponges, and other large invertebrates,"said Love. "This may be the case because, historically, there has beenrelatively little trawling over reefs in our area. What we need to knowis the role that these large invertebrates play as deep-water habitatsfor fishes and other marine life."
"What is really remarkable," said biologist Mary Yoklavich from NOAAFisheries, "is that these spectacular large colonies have managed to gounnoticed while living in the backyard of the largest urban area on theWest Coast."
###
This research was supported in part by the David and Lucile PackardFoundation; NOAA Fisheries SWFSC, Offices of Habitat Conservation andProtected Resources, National Undersea Program, and Marine ProtectedArea Science Institute; California Artificial Reef Enhancement Program;the National Museum of Natural History of the Smithsonian Institution;and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

美斯

很多老狼说的“昂魔”
由谁可以做翻译？

~@Star@~

现在是 考验 你的 “昂魔” 的时候 了。。。

fiona113

原帖由 机车女孩 于 11-3-2008 11:47 AM 发表
Explorers discover new marine creaturesTuesday, October 16, 2007 ?et=x6%2Bj9juDIuBe9td%2CGeMNZQ&nmid=8573 ... 红色飞碟？不是啦。。是橙色的水母。。是不是很像飞碟。。。

好漂亮的水母哦 ！

机车女孩

The Atlantic Hagfish or slime eel or slime Lamprey



                                                 

Thehagfish, scientifically known as Myxine glutinosa, is a true monster ofthe deep. Its body is covered with special glands that can emit asticky slime. In fact, a single hagfish can produce enough slime at onetime to fill a milk jug. This has earned this creature the name of"slime eel". They will actually "sneeze" when their own nostrils fillwith slime. Hagfish slime is different that any other natural slimesecretions in that it is reinforces with tiny fibers. The fibers makethe slime strong and difficult to remove. It is believed that thehagfish uses this slime to protect itself from predators. It can easilyproduce a protective cocoon of slime. This slime can actually suffocatepredators by clogging their gills if they come in contact with it. Thehagfish has a trick for escaping this slime cocoon. It simply tiesitself in a knot and passes the knot down the length of its body towipe the slime away. It has a long, eel-like body that ranges in sizefrom 16 to 32 inches in length. They have been called the nastiestlittle creature in the sea. The hagfish is a scaleless fish with softskin and  thick barbels on the end of their mouth. They have no jawsand no bones. The hagfish's skeleton is made up entirely of cartilage.They have very poorly developed eyes located just under the skin andare almost blind. They also have between 5 and 15 pairs of gills. Whatreally makes the hagfish a monster is its eating habits. The hagfishfeeds by attaching itself to a passing fish. It then bores its wayinside its unsuspecting host. Once inside, the hagfish will actuallyeat the fish's flesh with a specialized rasping tongue. It literallyeats its victim from the inside out. How's that for a monster? Thehagfish is a deep-water fish. The are found worldwide at depths of 5600feet. They live on soft bottoms where they lie buried except for thetop of their head. In addition to fish, they will also eat smallinvertebrates and will scavenge dead and dying fish. Food is scarce atthese depths, so the hagfish will eat just about anything it can find.

简介：
atlantic hagfish 也叫slime eel。。。因为他们的身体被一层黏质物包围着。他们可以产生很多很黏很难除去的黏质物体。。所以才会被称为slime eel。。每当黏质物体填满他的鼻子时他还会打喷嚏呢。。 他有一个很聪明方法出去身体上的黏物体，就是把自己打成一个结，然后把那个结从身前推到身后，把身上的黏物体都推掉。。。他们是无脊椎骨类的，也无下巴。。他们只有软骨来维持身形。有差不多下的眼睛藏在皮肤低下。他们又非常怪的饮食习惯，他们会把自己贴在游过他们身旁的鱼，然后再鱼身上挖洞，把自己藏在里头，然后再慢慢的从里头吃到外头。。它们有很特别的舌头用来吃东西。。通常可以在5600尺找到他们，而且会把自己埋在泥土里只乘下头。。。除了鱼类他们也会吃一些小无脊类动物，和尸体。。换句来说他们什么都吃。。。



                                             


[img]http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:1-gwxEo-b-LD8M:[/img]


[img]http://tbn0.google.com/images?q=tbn:siJcwu7r1TLUOM:[/img]

[ 本帖最后由 机车女孩 于 23-4-2008 11:16 AM 编辑 ]

机车女孩

小小的生物，大大的贡献。。。。。



Antarctic Krill Provide Carbon Sink In Southern OceanScienceDaily (Feb. 6, 2006) — New research on Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), a shrimp-like animal at the heart of the Southern Ocean food chain, reveals behaviour that shows that they absorb and transfer more carbon from the Earth's surface than was previously understood. The results are published this week in the journal Current Biology.

Scientists from British Antarctic Survey (BAS) and Scarborough Centre of Coastal Studies at the University of Hull discovered that rather than doing so once per 24 hours, Antarctic krill 'parachute' from the ocean surface to deeper layers several times during the night. In the process they inject more carbon into the deep sea when they excrete their waste than had previously been understood.
Lead Author Dr Geraint Tarling from BAS says, "We've known for a long time that krill are the main food source for whales, penguins and seals, but we had no idea that their tactics to avoid being eaten could have such added benefits to the environment. By parachuting down they transport carbon which sinks ultimately to the ocean floor -- an amount equivalent to the annual emissions of 35 million cars -- and this makes these tiny animals much more important than we thought."
Krill feed on phytoplankton near the ocean surface at night but sink deeper in the water column during the day to hide from predators. By knowing how these animals behave, we can understand better the contribution they make to removing carbon from the Earth's atmosphere and upper ocean.

###

Background

Satiation gives krill that sinking feeling by Geraint A. Tarling and Magnus L. Johnson is published in Current Biology on 7 February 2006.
Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba), are shrimp-like crustaceans that are one of the most important animals in the Southern Ocean. They feed on phytoplankton and are in turn eaten by a wide range of animals including fish, penguins, seals and whales. Phytoplankon are the starting point for the marine food chain and use photosynthesis to extract carbon from carbon dioxide.
Krill live in the open ocean, mainly in large swarms and reach particularly high numbers in Antarctica. The migrations that they perform (called Diel Vertical Migrations, DVM) are a way of transporting carbon to the ocean's interior because they eat phytoplankton at the surface and excrete their waste at depth. Antarctic krill can grow up to a length of 6cm and can live for 5-6 years. They are one of the largest protein resources on Earth and can be fished easily with large nets for human consumption.
There is enough Antarctic krill to fill the total volume of the new Wembley stadium 1500 times. Spread out on the floor, they would cover the entire area of Scotland. The total weight of Antarctic krill is calculated between 50-150 million tonnes.
The krill migrate from the ocean surface by fanning out their swimming legs and enter a controlled descent, akin to parachuting. The behaviour is most apparent when their stomachs are full and may be an effective means of getting out of harms way when they can eat no more.
Numbers of Antarctic krill have dropped by about 80% since the 1970's. The most likely explanation is a dramatic decline in winter sea-ice. Krill feed on the algae found under the surface of the sea-ice, which acts as a kind of 'nursery'. The Antarctic Peninsula, a key breeding ground for the krill, has warmed by 2.5°C in the last 50 years, with a striking decrease in sea-ice. It is not fully understood how the loss of sea-ice there is connected to the warming, but could be behind the decline in krill.
The study was carried out aboard the British Antarctic Survey ship RRS James Clark Ross from December 2004 - January 2005 around the islands of South Georgia in the South Atlantic. The krill were caught with nets and transferred to tanks for observations. The tanks were continuously supplied with water (and therefore food) from the sea surface.
British Antarctic Survey is a world leader in research into global issues in an Antarctic context. It is the UK's national operator and is a component of the Natural Environment Research Council. It has an annual budget of around £40 million, runs nine research programmes and operates five research stations, two Royal Research Ships and five aircraft in and around Antarctica. More information about the work of the Survey can be found at: www.antarctica.ac.uk
Centre for Coastal studies is based at the Scarborough campus, at the University of Hull. The Centre for Coastal Studies is a small but vibrant centre, specialising in teaching and research with a strong emphasis on fieldwork. The centre attracts around 50 students a year from a wide range of backgrounds who study degrees in Coastal Marine Biology, Environmental Science and Ecology. Students acquire strong theoretical knowledge of their subject combined with skill and expertise in the field. Academics and postgraduates in the centre are currently working on a diverse range of topics including intertidal ecology, krill morphometrics, fisheries management and tropical fish biology. For more information visit: www.ccs.hull.ac.uk

简介：
之前有提过，海洋生物尤其是贝类和壳类，还有一些浮生物如:phytoplankton能帮助减少大气层里的二氧化碳。。。。
研究人员又发现原来krill小虾的饮食习惯也能帮助减少大气层里的二氧化碳。。。。
这些小虾晚上才出来找吃，早上就会回去深海。。。他们所吃的食物就是phytoplankton，phytoplankton是海里浮生植物，利用空气里的二氧化碳和阳光来制造食物。。。当这些小虾吃饱后就会回去深海，然后排泄在深海，排出来的碳也跟着沉下深海，而消失在大气层中。。。。
这种小虾也是鲸鱼，海狮，penguin等的食物，繁殖量满多的。。。可是近年来他们的生产力大大下降，原因是北极冰山融化，导致他们的食物减少。。因为他们的食物就是生长在冰表面的海藻，那里也是他们生长的地方。。。。
如果在这样下去，可能也会导致他们的predators的数量也减少，而且停留在大气层里的二氧化碳也随着越来越高。。。。